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If you experience swelling in your hands, arms, or legs, you might have lymphedema. It is a chronic condition that can cause significant discomfort and affect your quality of life.
Understanding lymphedema, its symptoms, causes, and available treatments can help you manage it effectively. Read on to find out more.
What is lymphedema?
Lymphedema occurs when the lymphatic system drains excess fluids and proteins from damaged or blocked tissues. This disruption leads to an accumulation of lymph fluid, resulting in swelling and discomfort. Lymphedema can be classified into two types:
- Primary lymphedema: An inherited condition caused by developmental issues in the lymphatic system. It can manifest at birth or develop later in life.
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Secondary lymphedema: More common and typically results from disruption to the lymphatic system due to surgery, radiation therapy, infection, or trauma.
Symptoms of lymphedema
The symptoms of lymphedema can vary in severity and may develop gradually over time. Common symptoms include:
- Full or partial swelling in the arm or leg, including fingers or toes
- A feeling of heaviness or tightness in the affected limb
- Restricted range of motion
- Aching or discomfort
- Recurring infections
- Hardening or thickening of the skin (fibrosis)
Causes of lymphedema
Lymphedema in the arms, hand or legs can be caused by various factors impairing the lymphatic system's function. Common causes include:
- Cancer treatment: Surgery and radiation therapy for cancer can damage lymph nodes and vessels, leading to lymphedema.
- Surgery: Procedures that involve the removal of or damage to lymph nodes, such as mastectomy or lymph node dissection, can cause lymphedema.
- Infection: Severe infections, especially those that affect the lymph nodes or vessels, can trigger lymphedema.
- Trauma: Injuries that damage the lymphatic system can result in lymphedema.
- Obesity: Excessive weight can strain the lymphatic system, increasing the risk of lymphedema.
- Venous insufficiency: Prolonged venous insufficiency can lead to lymphatic dysfunction and lymphedema.
Treatment options for lymphedema
While there is no cure for lymphedema, professional treatments can help manage the condition, reduce swelling, and improve the quality of life. Treatment approaches include:
Complete Decongestive Therapy (CDT)
CDT is the first-line of treatment for lymphedema. This multi-faceted approach includes a manual massage that stimulates the lymphatic system and encourages the flow of lymph fluid.
CDT also consists of compression therapy, which uses compression garments to prevent fluid accumulation, and tailored exercises to promote lymphatic drainage and maintain range of motion.
Each of the components of CDT can be used as treatment on its own. We share more details on each below before covering other treatments.
Compression garments
Compression garments, such as sleeves, stockings, and bandages, are essential in managing lymphedema. They apply uniform pressure to the affected limb, helping to move lymph fluid and prevent swelling.
These garments are often used in conjunction with other treatments and should be worn as a healthcare professional recommends.
Exercise and physical therapy
Regular exercise and physical therapy is vital in lymphedema management. Specific exercises can enhance lymphatic drainage, improve flexibility, and maintain muscle strength.
A physical therapist with experience in lymphedema can design a customised exercise program that suits your needs and abilities.
Manual lymphatic drainage
Manual Lymphatic Drainage (MLD) is a gentle, hands-on therapy performed by a trained therapist. MLD involves rhythmic, circular movements that stimulate the lymphatic system and stimulate the movement of lymph fluid. This therapy can reduce swelling and alleviate discomfort in the affected limb.
Medications
While medications are not typically used to treat lymphedema directly, they may be prescribed to manage associated symptoms or complications.
For example, antibiotics may be necessary to treat or prevent infections, and pain relievers can help manage discomfort. Always consult your doctor before taking any medication for lymphedema.
Lifestyle modifications
Making certain lifestyle changes can significantly impact lymphedema management. Patients should maintain a healthy weight through diet and exercise. They can elevate their affected limb at home to reduce swelling and promote lymphatic drainage.
We would also advise patients to protect the affected limb from cuts, burns, and other injuries to prevent infection and further damage to the lymphatic system.
Surgery
In severe cases of lymphedema, where conservative treatments prove wanting, surgery may be necessary. Surgical treatments for lymphedema include:
- Lymphatic bypass surgery: Creating new pathways for lymph fluid to drain effectively.
- Lymph node transfer: Transplanting healthy lymph nodes to the affected area to restore lymphatic function.
When to see a doctor
See your doctor if you observe any signs or symptoms of lymphedema, especially if you have a history of cancer treatment, surgery, or other risk factors. Early management can prevent complications and improve your outcomes. Consult your doctor if you notice:
- Persistent swelling in an arm or leg
- A feeling of heaviness or tightness in the limb
- Skin changes or hardening
- Recurrent infections
Lymphedema treatment in Singapore
Managing lymphedema requires a proactive approach and a combination of therapies tailored to your condition. If you are experiencing lymphedema symptoms, consult a doctor to develop an effective treatment plan.
At Polaris Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, we are committed to providing thorough, compassionate care to help patients in Singapore manage lymphedema effectively. We develop personalised treatment plans according to your specific condition and goals.
